C／C复合材料石墨化度的测定和评价

用Ｘ射线衍射方法对不同热处理温度下Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料石墨化度进行了测定，并对衍射峰进行了分峰处理。得出该材料由三种不同组元构成，即树脂炭，碳纤维和热解炭，求出各组元的石墨化度值及所占比例，进而得到试样的加权平均石墨化度。     

磁性涂层碳纤维各向异性铺层板的反射率计算

对磁性涂层碳纤维各向异性铺层板反射率的计算是研究其结构吸波材料性能的基础.本文基于磁性涂层碳纤维单向板的电磁特性分析,研究了电磁波在磁性涂层碳纤维复合材料板中的传输特性.首先推导了单层各向异性复合材料板中的传播常数和波阻抗,在此基础上用传输矩阵法进一步推导了适用于带有磁性涂层碳纤维复合材料铺层板的反射特性.利用此计算方法求解了各向异性复合材料铺层板在不同极化入射电场、材料板不同铺层层数、方向、厚度下的反射特性.最终根据以上算法,开发出各向异性复合材料铺层板结构吸波材料反射率的优化设计软件.     

C/C 复合材料的高温抗氧化防护研究进展

C/ C 复合材料在高温有氧环境中易氧化的缺点一定程度上影响了它在航空航天领域的应用与推
广,抗氧化涂层技术是提高其高温长时间抗氧化性能最直接有效的方法。本文综述了近年来国内外C/ C 复合
材料高温抗氧化涂层在玻璃、贵金属、陶瓷等涂层体系方面的最新研究成果;在分析介绍C/ C 高温抗氧化涂层
传统制备工艺优缺点及应用情况的基础上,进一步总结了高温抗氧化涂层制备技术最新研究进展;并对已开发
的抗氧化涂层体系适用环境及应用现状进行了深入的评述。最后针对C/ C 复合材料1 800℃以上的超高温抗
氧化防护问题,指出了目前研究中存在的问题及未来应重点努力发展的方向。     

高导热C/ C 复合材料的发展现状

高导热C/ C 复合材料具有高热导率、低密度、低热胀系数和高温下高强度等性能,成为近年来最
具发展前景的散热材料之一。本文综述了国内外高导热C/ C 复合材料的发展现状,分析了C/ C 复合材料的热
物理性能及影响其热导率的因素,介绍了C/ C 复合材料的导热机理、碳纤维、基体炭的导热性能,以及高导热
C/ C 复合材料的制备和改性等。     

碳纤维高温处理过程中石墨片层堆叠的温度效应

采用二维广角X-射线衍射法(WAXD)研究了国产聚丙烯腈基碳纤维在高温处理过程中石墨片层结构的堆叠过程,分析了温度因素对于堆叠结构的影响。实验结果表明,随着热处理温度的升高,碳纤维中的类石墨片层堆叠层数不断增加,结构趋于规整致密,并且在1 900℃后堆叠速率加快。同时,通过元素分析和Raman光谱的研究,解释了堆叠速率提高的原因,随着非碳元素的脱除和碳化学结构向SP2杂化转变,结构缺陷不断减少,有利于石墨片层的堆叠。     

Biological features of an early-maturity mutant of sweet sorghum induced by carbon ions irradiation and its genetic polymorphism

It is well known that heavy ions irradiation is characterized by a high linear energy transfer (LET) and relative biological effectiveness (RBE). These characters are believed to increase mutation frequency and mutation spectrum of plants or mammalian cells irradiated by heavy ions. Here we describe an early-maturity mutant of sweet sorghum induced by carbon ion irradiation. The growth period of this mutant was shortened by about 20 days compared to the wild type. The proline content of the mutant was increased by 11.05% while the malondialdehyde content was significantly lower than that of wild type. In addition, the RAPD analysis indicated that the percentage of polymorphism between the mutant KFJT-1 and the control KFJT-CK reached 5.26%. The gain of early-maturity might solve the problem in the northwest region of China where seeds of sweet sorghum cannot be mature because of early frost. The early-maturity mutant may be important for future space cultivation.     

Protective effects of melatonin against C beam irradiation-induced oxidative stress and DNA injury in the mouse brain

The purpose of this experiment was to estimate the protective effects of melatonin against radiation-induced brain damages in mice induced by heavy ion beams. Kun-Ming mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group, irradiation control group, and three different doses of melatonin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) treated groups. Apart from the normal control group, the other four groups were exposed to whole-body 4.0 Gy carbon ion beam irradiation (approximately 0.5 Gy/min) after i.p. administration of normal saline or melatonin 1 h before irradiation. The oxidative redox status of brain tissue was assessed by measurement of malondiadehyde (MDA) levels, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), cytosolic superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD, SOD1) and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, SOD2) activities at 8 h after irradiation. DNA damages were determined using the Comet assay and apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were detected by flow cytometric analyses. A dramatic dose-dependent decrease in MDA levels, tail moment, rates of tailing cells, and apoptosis, and a dose-dependent increase in T-SOD and SOD2 activities, in brain tissues in the melatonin-treated groups were detected compared with the irradiation only group. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the percentage of brain cells in the G0/G1 phase decreased significantly, while those in the S and G2/M stage increased dramatically, with mice pretreated with melatonin compared to the irradiation control group. These data indicate that melatonin has protective effects against irradiation-induced brain injury, and that its underlying protective mechanisms may relate to modulation of oxidative stress induced by heavy ionirradiation.     

碳纤维模量的结构相关性理论研究及验证

从模量的基本理论出发,推导了碳纤维类石墨微晶模量与其结构参数所存在的函数关系。结果表明:碳纤维微晶模量受形状因子和取向角的协同影响:随着形状因子的增大,碳纤维微晶模量先快速上升后缓慢下降,而随着取向角的减小,微晶模量增加。利用X射线衍射的方法,测定了碳纤维的取向角和形状因子,进而得到碳纤维的计算模量,与实测的碳纤维模量基本接近,验证了模量理论分析的适用性。     

采用微扰法测试碳泡沫的电磁参数

利用网络分析仪连接矩形谐振腔组成材料电磁参数微扰法测试系统。由谐振腔微扰理论出发,得到以托管装载小样品测试时复介电常数和复磁导率的计算公式。对碳泡沫进行电磁参数测试。结果表明,随着碳泡沫电导率的增加,其介电常数缓慢增加,电损耗先增加后减小,而磁损耗不断增加。碳泡沫具有介电常数小、电损耗大、随电导率增加而增加的非本征磁损耗,这种独特的电磁损耗特征使得碳泡沫有用作宽频带高温结构吸波材料的可能性。     

表面氧化改性对碳气凝胶的分散性和导电性的影响

为了得到具有优良的分散性和导电性的碳气凝胶,研究了碳气凝胶的硝酸氧化改性温度对碳气凝胶的结构和性能的影响。通过FTIR、XPS、Zeta电位、XRD和N2等温吸附-脱附等技术对样品进行表征,结果表明:硝酸氧化改善分散性的机理在于对碳气凝胶表面的含氧官能团数量的改变,而且氧化温度越高,含氧官能团的数量就越多,碳气凝胶的分散性就越好;与此相反,较低温度的氧化处理有利于保持碳气凝胶的导电性(40℃,87.7%),而高温氧化由于易使碳气凝胶的微孔迅速增多从而导致其电导率急剧下降(100℃,2.5%)。